ABSTRACT
Postmortem interval （PMI） estimation is one of the most important and difficult academic tasks in forensic sciences. Due to the influence of the corpse itself and the water environment, corpses in water have unique corruption phenomenon and laws. Based on the experience of traditional PMI studies of corpses on land, forensic practitioners across the world have proposed a variety of practical methods for estimating postmortem submersion interval （PMSI）. This paper summarizes the literatures related to PMSI in recent years, and introduces methods to infer PMSI according to the phenomenon of corpses, the development of insects, the succession pattern of aquatic organisms, and the changes of other physical and chemical indexes of corpses, in order to provide some reference for the study of PMSI of corpses in water.
Subject(s)
Animals , Autopsy , Cadaver , Forensic Medicine , Immersion , Postmortem ChangesABSTRACT
Objective To establish a qualitative and quantitative method to determine ammonia in biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Methods A heptafluorobutyryl chloride derivatization method was used. GC-MS was used for determination. The effects of different pH conditions, derivatization temperature, time and different extraction solvents on the test results were investigated. The pretreatment conditions were optimized. Results This method could accurately detect the ammonia content in blood, and the limit of detection was determined to be 0.1 μg/mL. The target component showed good linearity in the range of 0.5-200.0 μg/mL （R2=0.987 7）. The relative standard deviation range of intra-day precision was 2.59%-3.88%. The relative standard deviation range of inter-day precision was 3.21%-3.76%. Conclusion The method showed good sensitivity, stability and specificity, therefore can be used for forensic toxicology analysis and clinical biochemical detection.
Subject(s)
Ammonia , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Limit of Detection , Reproducibility of Results , SolventsABSTRACT
Cardiac glycoside is a class of steroidal glycosides with significant physiological activities to the heart. Several drugs had been approved for the treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In recent studies, the researchers have found that cardiac glycoside can selectively inhibit the proliferation of human tumor cells and has potent antitumor efficacy. Unfortunately, the poor solubility and severe adverse effects of cardiac glycoside hindered further clinical application in the field of anticancer. It is an effective strategy to solve the "drug-like" problem of cardiac glycoside by changing the pharmacokinetics and distribution in vivo and reducing the dosage and side effects by virtue of modern preparations technology and treatment scheme. In this review, a brief introduction of the developmental course and mechanism of cardiac glycosides in anticancer field was made, and recent research progress of cardiac glycosides preparations were summarized and discussed. Finally, the further research direction was prospected.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the utility of fluorescent dye SYTO 13 for high -resolution melting ( HRM) detection in single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) genotyping and its clinical application . Methods This is a performance verification study .36 genotype defined samples were divided into three groups:SNP rs3125734 C>T (class Ⅰ SNP) ,rs255758 A>C (class ⅡSNP) and rs688C>T.These samples were used to evaluate SYTO 13′s SNP genotyping capability of class ⅠSNP, classⅡSNP, and two PCR products of different lengths (52 and 107 bp) covering the same SNP of rs688C>T.The commercial HRM dye of LCGreen Plus was used as the control .The genotyping capability is indicated by the Tm difference(ΔTm) between wild type and homozygous mutant genotypes .The Tm differences between wild genotype and homozygous mutant genotype were compared using the Independent Samples t test.Paired t test was used to evaluate genotyping capability of the two dyes .The clinical applicability is evaluated by synchronously performing PCR amplification and HRM analysis on thirty -five randomly selected DNA samples with known genotypes of the three SNPs .Results The SNPs of class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ can be genotyped directly and clearly with SYTO13 (ΔTmclas Ⅰ =0.36 ±0.05,tclas Ⅰ =14.827,Pclas Ⅰ =0.000;ΔTm clas Ⅱ =0.42 ±0.110,tclasⅡ =9.539,Pclas Ⅱ =0.000).The classⅠSNP genotyping results was better using SYTO13 (ΔTmSYTO13 =0.39 ±0.027), while the SNP genotyping for small amplicon did not discriminated clearly in this study .Long amplicons of class ⅠandⅡSNPs can be identified directly except for several samples which can be genotyped accurately after having performed reexamination .Conclusion SYTO13 can apply for HRM analysis of genotyping classⅠand ⅡSNPs with long amplicon and for clinical routine detection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis method for quantifying 1-methylhydantoin concentration in whole blood. To provide technical support to forensic identification related cases of 1-methylhydantoin. Methods As an internal standard, 500 ng SKF525A was added to 0.5 mL blood sample, and then 2 mL 0.01 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid and 0.5 g ammonium carbonate were added in order to buffer the pH value to 9, and following 2 mL ethyl acetate. The organic solvent layer was obtained after centrifuge and then analysed by GC-MS after drying. Results Good linear relationship of 1-methylhydantoin in blood was obtained in the range of 0.5-50 ng/mL. The equation of linear regression was y=0.01551 x+0.00726(R2=0.9997) with 0.1 ng/mL detection limit, and the recovery was 93.02％-108.12％. The intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 6.07％ and 13.37％, respec-tively. Conclusion The results gotten by this method is accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the determination of 1-methylhydantoin concentration in blood samples.
ABSTRACT
With basal medium, we studied the growth status, lipid droplet distribution, total lipid content of Chlorella protothecoides CS-41 treated with different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 150, 300 and 600 mmol/L) by optical microscopy, electron microscopy, confocal laser focusing and Nile red staining. Results show that the addition of NaCl affected the growth of Chlorella protothecoides CS-41. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the growth rate of Chlorella was inhibited. Chlorella cell wall became thicker, and lipid droplets increased. At the early stage, the amount of lipid droplets in the 600 mmol/L NaCl culture was the highest, but at the late-log stage, the amount of lipid droplets increased with the increase of the biomass of culture in 150 and 300 mmol/L NaCl culture. At the stable stage, biomass (dry weight) in 300 mmol/L NaCl culture was 73.55% of that in the control, but the total lipid content was 2.22 times higher than that in the control. A certain concentration of sodium chloride treatment can significantly increase the lipid content of Chlorella protothecoides CS-41.
ABSTRACT
The compatibility of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) and Carthamii Flos (CF) is a common pair-herb used in the modern traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. As a function of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, both SMRR and CF have been clinically used for hundreds of years and enduring popularity until today. At present, there have been many listed Chinese medicine prescriptions which were compatible with SMRR and CF. In this paper, we reviewed the research status of the formulae preparations, pair-herb compatibility, and component compatibility of SMRR and CF. We clarified the research advances in the chemistry, pharmacology, effective material base, and pharmacokinetics before and after the compatibility of SMRR and CF. Further, we indicated the scientificity and necessity of its compatibility and provided the references for the further research and modern formulation development of SMRR and CF.
ABSTRACT
Along with recent advances in biological signal molecule and tissue engineering technology,periodontal regeneration has been gained more and more new opportunities,but also faces many challenges.This paper briefly reviewes the preclinical and clinical studies of periodontal tissue regeneration,highlighting the latest achievement and progress in the clinical study of biological signal molecules and stem cell therapy in the treatment of periodontal disease worldwide.
ABSTRACT
As a novel concept for cell delivery,cell sheet may retain the extracellular matrix and adhesive proteins,avoid the use of bioma-terials for delivery,and increase cell survival rate while reduce cell loss following cell transplantation.This review summarizes the use of cell sheet technology for periodontal and pulp-dentin complex regeneration,highlights recent progresses and future challenges in this field.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence, common clinical symptoms and complications, transmission routes and media of brucellosis among human in the city of Songyuan in Jilin province, and to provide practical basis for brucellosis intervention and related control measures. Methods Use self-designed questionnaire to collect information from outpatients in brucellosis clinic in Songyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January to June 2009, and to analyze the related data from the survey: prevalence, time and geographical distribution, clinical symptom, transmission route and media. Results Of the total 620 cases investigated, there were 284 patients accounting for 45.8% (284/620), 75 suspected patients accounting for 12.1% (75/620), 13stealth patients accounting for 2.1% (13/620) and 248 negative people accounting for 40.0% (248/640). Main common symptoms of the patients were fever[66.5%( 189/284)], muscle and joint pain[38.7%( 110/284)],fatigue[27.5%(78/284)], hyperhidrosis[25.0%(71/284)]and low back pain[17.3%(49/284)]. The patients group had a significantly higher prevalence of mucocutaneous infection, contacting infected animal abortion flow,fur, soil, faeces and dust than the uninfected group(χ2 value were 27.12, 22.75, 8.90, 6.65, 6.39, 6.39, all P< 0.01 or < 0.05). Conclusions The positive rate of brucellosis in the brucellosis clinic of Songyuan city is high,and patients have typical symptoms. We should take comprehensive control measures to protect the high-risk group and reduce the local infectivety.